WWI Propaganda

This asks the reader "On which side of the window are YOU?" because it wants you to feel guilty if one does not sign up for the war. Also, it makes men feel ashamed if they are not part of the war because this is challenging them to do it. It shows a man on one side of the window and then it shows the military on the other side. This was intended to make people enlist in the military and it was directed to men of the United States.

Wilson's Fourteen Points

1. Cartoon Interpretation
I believe the Editorial Cartoon is trying to say that other nations such as: England, Japan, European Nations, and other foreign nations, want the U.S.A. to enter the war and fight it on their side. In the cartoon the countries are pulling on the U.S.A. trying to get them to side with their country. The League of Nations is on the ropes because this is what eventually settled the conflict between the countries, along with The Versailles Treaty.

2. Wilson's 14 Points
1. This point would help America and the world accomplish the peace Wilson envisioned in the following decade because it is saying that diplomacy and international problems will always be told to the public view. This way confusion is not spread around the country and world.

2. This would help also because it says freedom to travel over seas, whether in war or not. The exception is if international forces close it. This would help keep people happy because they can travel outside of territorial waters.

3. This is the removal of economic barriers so trade can happen more efficiently between countries and for nations to consent to peace and maintain it. This helps bring countries and nations closer together.

4. This states that national military or naval forces be reduced to the lowest amount possible, while still having domestic safety, which is to keep a country safe. This way countries are not afraid of other countries due to a large military.

5. Point 5 states that colonial claims have an equal weight on decisions as do the government that controls them under the topic of sovereignty. By doing this, it helps keep countries from controlling other countries and or nations.

6. During the evacuation of Russian territory, other countries need to provide her with an unembarrassed opportunity for independent determination of Russia's own political development. Also, to welcome her, and assist her into the society of free nations. Lastly, for her sister countries to have unselfish sympathy. This helps bring countries together because it makes them be there for one another in time of need and help.

7. Belgium will be evacuated and then put back together. This will help restore confidence between the nations in the laws that they have set determining the government of their relationships with each other. International law is impaired if this is not fixed.

8. French territory should be restored and the bad things that Prussia did to France regarding Alsace-Lorraine, should be fixed. This will restore peace between them and the world, which was not fixed for over fifty years.

9. Changes for the frontiers of Italy should be made, but still having nationality. This will make things fair and will help make other countries happy with them.

10. The people of Austria-Hungary should get self-contained development. That way they can develop without having interference from other countries and refrain from having war break outs among them.

11. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be restored in some places and Serbia gets free access the the sea. Also, the Balkan States relationships should be based on allegiance and nationality. This will help the conflicts of these countries come to an end.

12. The Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire should have a good sovereignty and other nations under their rule should get to develop on their own. Lastly, the Darrdanelles should have free shipping passage ways to all countries. This make peace between them because they each get something that they have wanted.

13. An independent Polish state should have free access to the sea and their political and economic independence should be guaranteed internationally. This helps make the Polish people happy and therefore, this settles more world disputes.

14. An association should be made between nations so that the purpose of agreeing guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity be made to everyone. This will make many nations happy and insure peace throughout nations and the world.

WWI Terms Activity

1. Weapons-
Mustard gas. Barbed wire. Dog Fight. Dud. Machine gun. Powder keg. Bomb. Blimp. Torpedo. Tank. Submarine. Invasion. Trench Warfare. Airplane. Blockade. Artillery. Battle. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. Preparedness. U-boats.

2. People-
Wilson. Parachute. Trench Mouth. Propaganda. Civvies. Draftee. Lousy. Dog tag. Enemy. Krauts. M.P. Cooties. Neutrality. Sacrifice. Rape of Belgium. Infantry. Bunker. Pacifists. Democracy. Huns. Peace. C.O. Basket Case. Red Tape. Chow. Slacker. The Red Baron. Self Determination. Kaiser. Furlough. Balance of Power. Armistice. Doughboys. Espionage and Sedition Acts. Stalemate. Corpse. Lusitania. War Revenue Act. War bonds. AEF. Air ace. Cavalry. Liberty. Gen. Blackjack Pershing. Limies. War Industries Board. Goldbrick. Amputee. Assassination. Alliances. French kiss. Liberty bonds. Swabby. Khaki. Czar. Shell shock. Bravery.

3. Places-
No Man's Land. Over the top. Homefront. Territorial Integrity.

4. Entertainment-
French postcards. "Over There". "I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier". Syphilis. "Out, Out, Marie". "Goodbye Broadway". "Hello France".

5. Food-
War bread. Porkless Saturday. Meatless Tuesdays. Liberty cabbage. Liberty steaks. Wheatless Mondays.

6. Movements-
Nationalism. Patriotism. Mobilization. Militarism. Totalitarian.

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

1. The account says that the three teenagers were brought into a room where Apis was and "He made the three put their hands on the skull and repeat the Black Hand oath:“By the sun which warms me, by the earth which feeds me, by God, by the blood of my ancestors, by my honor and my life, I swear fidelity (loyalty) to the cause of Serbian nationalism and to sacrifice my life for it.”" In the video this meeting did not occur and therefore we did not know of this happening.

2. News of the plot in the account spread to the Austrian Government, but reached the wrong person. It reached "Dr. von Bilinski, who didn't like the archduke". He mentioned it to General Potiorek, but he was reminded that people should not get involved with military matters. In the video, the news of the plot was kept a secret up unto the day it occurred.

3. Also, in the video, there is not much of a crowd around the potential assassins. In the account, it states, "One of them was standing too near a policeman to risk shooting. Another was pinned by the crowd." Therefore the video gives a false impression of the number of by-standers that were watching the parade.

4. The accounts says that, "Count Harnack, an aide, jumped on the footboard of the archduke’s car to guard him. “Don’t make a fool of yourself,” shouted Francis Ferdinand." However, in the video the Archduke is grateful for his protection, even though it did not really save him from the assassination.

5. Shortly after, the account states that Princip saw the Archduke and "immediately pulled out his revolver, walked over to the car, and shot the archduke in the neck." In the video, he did not walk over to the car, but instead took a shot from a distance.

This is an image of the Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. The Archduke and his wife, Sophie Chotek, have been shot. It shows the assassin, Princip, at the car, with his revolver pointing at the victims. This was the main event that sparked World War I.

Movie Night Extra Credit

1. British General - “God has endowed the British race with a worldwide empire that they may execute His sovereign purpose in the world. The victories you will have over the heathens are the victories of the nobler soul in man.”
- This quote says that the British viewed their role as colonizers as helping the less-educated. However, I believe their perception was not valid because the Africans were happy without the help of the British. They fight back, which shows that they do not want their help. However, the British feel it is their job to help them, even if they do not want the help.

2. Harry - “I sometimes wonder what a godforsaken desert in the middle of nowhere has to do with Her Majesty the queen.”
- Harry is questioning the idea of colonization because he starts to think about the native people living in Africa and feels bad for them. He is looking at it differently than everyone else because he believes it is not right to take over their land, and he does not see how this "has to do with Her Majesty the queen." This belief forces Harry to leave the army and go and be apart of the native's tribe.

3. British Soldier - "Avoid drinking local water and spirits "avoid local barrooms and brothels and, above all, remember, you're a Christian soldier."
- This says that the lands that the British were colonizing were unhealthy and therefore they should not drink the water. Also, they should avoid the bathrooms because they are unsanitary. The British soldiers looked forward to making the queen happy, even though, by doing that they will have to face tough, harsh conditions in Africa. Their religious beliefs are brought into question because they believe it is their job to help the less-educated and if they do not, then they are not following their religion.

4. Desert Trader - “They're like children. They have no concept of gratitude or loyalty. That's something you British don't understand. You come here, trying to civilize them with your Christian values.”
- This quote suggests that the people in the colonized areas do not have manners. They have not learned to be grateful or have loyalty. Some drawbacks dealing with these people are that they do not obey and do not show gratitude. The British felt they could and had the right to change the people, who were already set in their ways, because they truly believed that they were helping them become civilized in western ways. They did not take the time to realize that they are people with feelings, just like themselves, who have different believes.


5. Abu Fatma - “You English walk too proudly on the earth.”
- Abu means by this statement that the British have a really high opinion of themselves and are conceded. The British believe that only their religion is right and that the native's religions are wrong. I do not think he looks at Harry as a typical Englishman because Harry is trying to help the Africans and does not believe in what the British are doing. I definitely do not think that Abu agrees with what the British are doing in Africa. He believes that the British are hurting the Africans more than they are helping them.


Critical Thinking:
Jack shoots the young boy during their first encounter in Africa because the boy did not put down the gun. The boy did not follow Jack's orders because he was willing to die for what he believed in. He knew he would die if he continued loading the gun, but he would rather die than have to give up what he believed was right.The boy did not believe that the British were helping him. He did not want to give up his religion and ways of life in exchange for what the British had. Jack was justified with shooting the boy because the boy was going to shoot at them if he did not shoot him. However, I would not have done the same thing because everyone has a right to believe in what they want to believe in. Jack felt remorse after shooting the boy because the boy was just standing up for what he believed in and Jack felt bad for taking that away from him. I would have felt remorse too if I shot at the boy and killed him. When the people started throwing stones at the soldiers, I do not think it was because Jack killed the boy. I believe it was because the soldiers were taking away their freedom and rights as human beings.

Motives for British Imperialism

1. According to Halstead, Slavery was in decline during the 1800's because "Britain sought to abolish slavery not from considerations of morality, but because slavery did not pay, slavery was not commercially beneficial after the decline of mercantilism and the rise of laissez-faire, free trade capitalism." This means that slavery was not helping Britain make money and therefore they wanted to get rid of it. This effected British Imperialism because now they could focus on expanding their land and resources rather than worrying about the capturing and taking care of slaves.


2. According to Halstead, Britain's power did not have an influence on Britain's Imperialism. Their power did not have an influence because they already had enough power. Instead, Britain was influenced by philanthropy. Also, they "sought to establish models of its own government". I agree with this because Britain did have a lot of power at the time however they wanted to expand their land and get more valuable resources.


3. Halstead's belief differs from that of Richard Coben and other's economic reasons. Seeley thought of imperialism as " the apotheosis of all British history, the culmination of Britain's destiny," while Halstead thought of imperialism as "an appendage of British foreign policy". Gallagher and Robinson thought that the imperialism of Africa "was motivated by concerns over security and nothing else while MacKenzie pointed out that Britain had created an elaborate image making apparatus, a widespread propaganda, that extolled militarism, monarchism, and Social Darwinism." There is a wide spread of different views on imperialism.


4. Halsteads's final reasonings on motives for British Imperialism are "national security, protecting free trade, protecting commercial routes, competition for markets and spheres of influence, settlement, colonization, diplomacy, and ideology." Imperialism is not simple, but rather "a complex historical phenomenon which we can examine only piecemeal, but eventually from which a fuller picture emerges." Which means, that Imperialism is very complicated and can not be stated simply.

The White Man's Burden

1. It is called "The White Man's Burden" because it is a burden on the white people to have to deal with the less educated. Rudyard Kipling means that non-European countries are childlike and are a bothersome to take care of when he says "Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child."

2. Kipling justifies imperialism as "Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captive's need; To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--" This means that the white people have an obligation to help the less educated people become educated whether they want to or not. He believes it is their moral responsibility to encourage cultural development until they adopt Western ways.

3. This justification might seem so appealing because it makes the white people seem like they are helping the less educated become educated. It seems like everyone would want to become educated... but not everyone feels that way. Therefore, even though the white people think they are helping; the less educated might not feel the same way.

4. Religion was used as a justification over money, capitalism, the greater good, and political strength because their religion was about aiding those less fortunate. By concentrating on religion, it got the people to concentrate more on the people and saving them from the childish behavior they were so used to.